Often the gas from a vapor recovery compressor is routed to a flash gas, gas lift, or booster compressor for further compression. Vapor recovery compressors are used to gather gas from tanks and other low-pressure equipment in the facility. Many booster applications can be configured in a single-stage centrifugal compressor. Booster compressors typically are designed for high throughput rates and low compression ratio. Low-speed integral gas engine reciprocating compressors also are used for gas transmission applications. Most centrifugal pipeline booster compressors are gas turbine driven, although the use of variable-speed motor drives is becoming more prevalent. Booster compressors also are used in fields that are experiencing pressure decline. Selection of these compressors involves evaluating the economic trade-off of distance between pipeline boosting stations and life-cycle cost of each compressor station. Booster compressors are used to restore the pressure drop from these losses. Gas transmission through pipelines results in pressure drop because of friction losses.
Compressors, applied to these services, have large compression ratios, high power requirements, and low volume flow rates. Reinjection compressors also are used for underground storage of natural gas. Reinjection compressors can be required to deliver gas at discharge pressures in excess of 10,000 psi.
The reinjection of natural gas is employed to increase or to maintain oil production. Many gas lift compressors are installed on offshore facilities. Gas lift compressor duty is frequently of low to medium throughput with high compression ratios. Gas lift compressors are frequently used in oil handling facilities where compression of formation gases and gas lift gas is required. Flash gas compressors typically handle low flow rates and produce high compression ratios. These are:įlash gas compressors are used in oil handling facilities to compress gas that is “flashed” from a hydrocarbon liquid when the liquid flows from a higher pressure to a lower pressure separator. Installation, safety, and maintenance considerations also are discussed in their erspective pages.Ĭompressors used in the oil and gas industry are divided into six groups according to their intended service. Major components and construction features of centrifugal and reciprocating compressors are emphasized.
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Speed up encoding in Final Cut Pro by choosing a Compressor cluster for output processing.
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